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Cutting-edge research into ‘mini-brains’ at the University of Galway #Cuttingedge #research #minibrains #University #Galway

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By Cillian Sherlock, Press Association

The scientists in Ireland discovered improvements in the growth of “mini-brains” in the laboratory, which could benefit studies of blows, Alzheimer’s And Parkinson’s.

The research examined the potential development of blood vessels in small clusters of brain cells – called brain organoids or “mini-brains”.

One of the problems with these structures, barely visible to the naked eye and only a few millimeters wide, is that the cells in the middle tend to die from lack of oxygen.

Lead researcher Dr. Mihai Lomora acknowledged that the work “might sound like science fiction” but said the reality was “not that far-fetched” and that scientists around the world are working on such organoids.

Brain organoid
Researchers study brain organoids to better understand brain function and disease (CURAM/University of Galway)

His team at CURAM – the Research Ireland Center for Medical Devices based at the University of Galway – grew mini-brains in a soft, biologically compatible material called hydrogel and introduced cells capable of forming blood vessels.

The result was that the organoids became larger and contained fewer cells dying in the middle.

They also observed behavior similar to that of the protective blood-brain barrier, which could mean the research is relevant to the study of diseases involving the brain.

Dr Lomora said: “When we started the project, we could see in the scientific literature that brain organoids grown in the laboratory tended to have only superficial vasculature or blood vessels.

“This meant that blood vessels did not penetrate to reach the deeper cells of the organoid, and then those cells became deprived of oxygen and nutrients over time and died.”

It’s at the limit of the state of the art for the moment

Dr Mihai Lomora

Dr Lomora, professor of biomaterials chemistry and director of the CerebroMachines laboratory at the University of Galway, explained that the cell cluster is not the same as growing a brain in the laboratory, but can serve as a mini-model to explain how it works.

“We want it to be as physiologically relevant as possible. We believe that by augmenting the vascular system, we have taken steps to make the organoids more physiologically relevant.”

In an effort to increase the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to deeper cells, the researchers adapted an existing technique to grow the mini-brains by experimenting with different environments and schedules for the blood vessels.

The improved approach resulted in three times less cell death in the organoids.

Dr Lomora added: “We were fascinated to see that the vasculature was actually able to protrude into the interior of the organoids, which was actually quite an important advancement.

“And we also saw that the cells involved in the formation of some of these blood vessels came from the organoid itself. That’s state-of-the-art at the moment.”

The research, led by CURAM, was published in the journal Advanced Science and also involved a multidisciplinary team based at the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin and the University of Edinburgh.



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The meeting discussed the use of anti-terrorism laws to combat paramilitary flags and murals #meeting #discussed #antiterrorism #laws #combat #paramilitary #flags #murals

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A file held at the Public Record Office in Belfast includes the minutes of a meeting which took place at Stormont House.

A meeting at Stormont discussed the use of anti-terrorism laws to combat displays of paramilitary flags and murals in 2004, according to declassified files.

The papers reveal that a senior PSNI official said “comprehensive case law” could be developed within the courts to establish a “clear line between what is acceptable and what is not”.

A file held at the Public Record Office in Belfast includes the minutes of a meeting which took place at Stormont House on March 2, 2004, attended by PSNI representatives, civil servants and representatives from the Community Relations Unit (CRU) and the Community Relations Council (CRC).

The minutes indicate that a previous meeting concluded that a “community approach to the flag issue was preferable to a police-only response.”

Senior officer Gary White told the meeting he had had a discussion with the Crown Prosecution Service regarding the use of the Terrorism Act 2000.

The minute read: “Again, the question of what is and is not acceptable behavior has become an issue, but GW (Gary White) believes that the DPP is in favor of using this provision generally and this is easiest where a flag or mural illustrates an explicit level of support for a paramilitary organization.

“Obviously there will be areas where there will be doubts about what a flag is.

“GW suggested that this issue should be left to the courts and that comprehensive case law could be developed to establish a clear line between what is acceptable and what is not.

“He also reminded the group that there is great sympathy for the idea that what was acceptable during the worst phases of the Troubles may not be acceptable now.”

The minutes indicate that the meeting recalls a test case relating to the display of paramilitary flags in Hollywood, which resulted in the conviction of four people under section 13 of the Terrorism Act.

It was subsequently learned that the CRU had commissioned research from the Institute of Irish Studies at Queen’s University into the issue of flags and emblems.

The CRU’s Billy Gamble said “his preference was for the community to resolve these issues on their own”, but he felt there “had to be a threat of final sanction”.

The minutes state: “The group was clearly impressed by the approaches of the CRU/CRC and expects the outcome of the policy document in June.

“It is clear, however, that there will be times when the community simply cannot stop the paramilitaries from engaging in this activity.

“In such circumstances, the PSNI is content to have the necessary powers under the Terrorism Act to deal with the situation. In short, there is no universal policy that can solve the flag problem.”

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Eddie Hearn pays tribute as two members of Anthony Joshua’s team die in car crash #Eddie #Hearn #pays #tribute #members #Anthony #Joshuas #team #die #car #crash

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Anthony Joshua was involved in a car crash in Nigeria on Monday, leaving two people tragically killed in the incident and the former heavyweight champion was rushed to hospital.

Eddie Hearn, chairman of Matchroom Sport, has paid tribute to two men who tragically died in a car crash involving British heavyweight Anthony Joshua in Nigeria on Monday.

The victims were identified as Kevin Ayodele and Sina Ghami, while Joshua was taken to hospital with minor injuries following the collision.

The incident occurred on Monday morning on the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, just outside Lagos, when a black Lexus Jeep collided with a stationary red Sinotruck commercial vehicle.

The accident claimed the lives of Ayodele, also known as Latz, and Ghami, both close friends and members of Joshua’s team. Two other men in the vehicle were said to have escaped unhurt.

Hearn, chairman of Joshua’s promotional company Matchroom, was among those who paid tribute to both men when news of their tragic deaths was confirmed.

“With the heaviest of hearts,” he shared in an Instagram post. “Two great men. Rest in eternal peace Sina and Latz. My deepest thoughts and prayers are with everyone.”

Boxer Chris Eubank Jr also shared a heartfelt message, saying: “Thank God our heavyweight champion survived this horrific car accident. And pray for the two fallen soldiers, Latz and Sina, and their families.

“I knew they both…were truly good men. Rest in peace boys.”

Slim Albaher of Misfits Boxing also paid tribute, adding: “Sending prayers for Anthony Joshua and the two brothers who died tragically in the car crash. I can’t believe Latz was one of the guys involved… he was such a good soul and supportive brother. Allah Yerhamu, may Allah grant Latz and Sina Jannah.”

Another fighter, Mutah Beale, also said: “From Allah we return sad and shocking news regarding the death of our dear brother Abdul-Latif following a car accident. May Allah have mercy on him and grant him Jannah, and may Allah ease this difficult time for his family. We also wish the champion a speedy recovery. »

OnestoplistDubai shared a touching message: “May Allah forgive your faults and grant you the highest level of paradise. Ameen. Nothing but good memories when we were together.

“My condolences go out to your family and loved ones Sina @258mgt @anthonyjoshua. A gentle reminder to all brothers and sisters. From him we came and to him we will return. Now at peace, Sina.”

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President McAleese’s husband’s contacts with the UDA took ‘a life of its own’, ambassador heard #President #McAleeses #husbands #contacts #UDA #life #ambassador #heard

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Contacts between the husband of former Irish president Mary McAleese and UDA leaders in Northern Ireland took on “a life of their own”, a British government official said in 2003.

Declassified files show Martin McAleese had arranged a coach for loyalist leaders to attend a golf outing, but they refused, fearing it would be “too much like a UDA day trip”.

A senior civil servant noted that “there were a few surprises” in contacts but that Dr McAleese was determined to expand the list of his “loyalist friends” to include the UVF.

One of the files released under the 20-year regime concerns Dr. McAleese’s efforts to force loyalist paramilitaries from the margins of the peace process during his wife’s first term as president.

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The extent of his contacts is contained in a confidential memo written to the then British Ambassador to Ireland, Stewart Eldon, by senior civil servant Chris McCabe in September 2003, entitled “Loyalism and the Irish: Lunch with Martin McAleese”. Mr McCabe said he had a “private conversation” with Martin McAleese over lunch.

The memo said: “Martin McAleese is very candid about his contacts with high-ranking loyalists. Impressive in both their breadth and depth. Well aware of the potential pitfalls, but so far things have gone remarkably well.

“Determined to persevere for as long as possible, expanding the list of his loyalist ‘friends’ at every opportunity.”

Mr. McCabe added:

This allowed us to hear firsthand what Martin was doing: although we were already aware of much of what he told us, there were a few surprises.

The note stated that Dr McAleese had received a letter from “South Belfast UDA Brigadier” Jackie McDonald in February 2003.

“Once Martin verified that there would be no political objections to such a personal initiative, the first meeting was arranged. Since then, the meetings seem to have taken on a life of their own.”

The memo details a list of contacts, including a meeting in Áras an Uachtaráin “involving 50 unionists/loyalists who focused on cross-community issues”. It also included “several meetings with UDA brigadiers (including a “jovial” Jim Gray) and others in which Jackie McDonald was clearly primus inter pares”.

The note continues: “Social events, including golf outings, in which some or all UDA brigadiers and their associates were involved. On one of these occasions, Martin called for a coach, but the brigadiers refused him on grounds of collective security and because it would be too much like a UDA day trip.

“Alternative transportation in a fleet of minibuses was agreed; each vehicle was checked for ‘bugs and bombs’ before its guests boarded!”

The note said Dr McAleese had “admitted to being relatively innocent abroad”, but added that he was struck by “the sincerity of everyone he met and would tend to take them at face value until he knew otherwise”.

The note adds: “For our part, we welcomed his initiative and the progress that has been made. We said that, given the provenance of some of the figures involved and the need for transparency, accountability and inter- and intra-community equality, we could not hope to match his activities on this side of the border.

“But that shouldn’t bother him, quite the contrary.”

The memo was copied to Secretary of State Paul Murphy and other Northern Ireland ministers in direct power. The note concluded by stating that Dr McAleese also wanted to make contact with someone on the “military side” of the UVF.

It said: “To ensure the PUP/UVF stays on board, he would have dinner with the party’s chairman, David Rose, and secretary, Dawn Purvis, later this week.

“He hoped this would lead to direct contact with someone on the military side. He also has tentative plans for some sort of dialogue with members of the DUP.”



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